Ha ka sienjam kaba heh ban ialeh pyrshah ia ka jingkylla ka suinbneng bad ka jingpynurlong ia ki thong kiba iadei bad ka mariang, ka India ka la pyllait ar tylli ki rukom treikam ki ban tei ia ka lawei jong ka iew carbon jong ka India lane ka Indian Carbon Market (ICM). Kine ki long ka Detailed Procedure for Compliance Mechanism bad ka Accreditation Procedure and Eligibility Criteria for Accredited Carbon Verification Agencies. La kyrmen ba kine kin pyntyllun shakhmat ia ki sienjam jong ka India ban buh dor ia ka jingpynmih carbon bad kaa jingplie lad ia ka jingkhaii ia ki carbon credit, ka ban pynsuk shuh shuh ia ka ri ba kan pynurlong ia ki thong kiba iadei bad ka mariang.
Ka rukom treikam jong ka India ha kaba iadei ba ka carbon, kumba la batai ha ki Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) jong ka hapoh ka Paris Agreement on Climate Change, ka la pynurlong bad tam ruh ia ki thong shuwa ia ka bor ba la buh. Ka Paris Agreement ba la soi ha u 2016, ka la thmu ban pynduna ia ka jingkhluid ka pyrthei sha hapoh 2°C shuwa ban kut kine ki spah snem. Ka India ha kaba sdang ka la kular ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih japoh na ki kam GDP da 33-35% shuwa u 2030 haba khein na ki jinglong jingman ha u 2005. Hynrei, ka India ka la pynurlong ia kane ka thong shuwa ia ka por kaba pyni ia ka jingkut jingmut jongka ban ialeh pyrshah ia ka jingkylla ka suinbneng. Ha ka jingrah shakhmat ia ki thong jong ka, ha ka Conference of Parties (COP26) ha Glasgow ha u 2021, ka India ka la buh ia ki thong kiba kham heh. Ka la kular ban kot sha ka net-zero ki jingpynmih carbon shuwa u 2070, pynduna ka jingpynmih carbon na ki kam ka ioh ka kot jong ka da 45% shuwa u 2030, bad pynmih 50% ka bording na ki tyllong kiba lait na ki fossil fuel hapoh kane ka juh ka por. Da kaba pynurlong ia katto katne ki mawmer shuwa ka por, ka India ka la pyni ia ka jinglong nongialam ha ki sienjam jong ka pyrthei ban ialeh pyrshah ia ka jingkylla ka suinbneng.
Hynrei kumno ngin poi sha kane? Ka dei hangne ba ka wan ka Iew carbon jong ka India (ICM). Ka jingmut ka long kaba suk ban sngewthuh, lada ka kompani ka pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon jong ka, ka ioh kamai ia ki carbon credit, kiba ka lah ban die ia kiwei kiwei ki kompani kiba shem jingeh ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon jong ki. Ka long kum ka kam ai jingmyntoi – ki kompani kiba lah ban leh kham bha na ka bynta ka mariang ki lah ban kamai pisa katba kito kiba donkam shuh shuh ka por ban leh kham bha ki lah ban thied ia ki credit ban iahap bad ka jingpynmih palat ma ki ia ka carbon.
Ka Iew carbon jong ka India ka donkam ia ka rukom treikam kaba iar bad kaba shai kaba kyntiew ia ka jingpynduna ka jingpynmih carbon bad kaba rah shakhmat ia ka roi ka par ha ka ioh ka kot. Ka India Carbon Market, lyngba ka jingpeit bniah ia ka jingbuh dor ia ki jingpynmih, ka wanrah ia ka lad ban don ka jingryntih. Da kaba plié lad ia ki kompani ban iadie iathied ia ki carbon credit, ka India ka thmu ban ai jingmyntoi haba ka don ka jingpynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon ka ban plié lad ia ka ri ba kan pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon ha ka rukom kaba iahap dor bad kaba lah ban pyniar.
Ka jingtei ia ka rukom treikam ka Iew carbon jong ka India
Ia ka nongrim jong ka Iew carbon jong ka India la wanrah lyngba ka jingpynkylla ia ka Energy Conservation Act, 2001 ha u snem 2022, kaba la pynkupbor ia ka Sorkar ba kan sdang ia ka Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS). Kane ka skhim ka wanrah ia ka rukom pyniaid kaba donkam ban pyntreikam ia ka jingdie jingthied carbon, kaba pyniahap ia ka India bad ki kam iadei iathied carbon ha ka pyrthei. Ka CCTS, ba la wanrah ha u Jylliew 2023 bad ba la pynbha shuh shuh ha u Nohprah 2023, ka la wanrah ia ka rukom treikam ba ryntih ha ka jingdie jingthied carbon lyngba ar tylli ki sienjam: ka compliance bad ki offset.
Ka bynta compliance ka peit ia ki kam bad ki kompani kiba la ithuh kum ki “obligated entity.” Kine ki entity ki hap ban kot sha ki thong Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity (GEI) ba la buh da ka Sorkar. Lada ka obligated entity ka pynduna ia ka jingpynmih kham bun ia ka thong ba la buh, ka ioh ia ki syrnot carbon credit kaba ka lah ban khaii ha ka rynsan. Kumjuh, ki entity ki bym lah ban kot sha ki thong ki hap ban thied ia ki credit katkum ka jingtam ka jingpynmih jong ki. Kane ka rukom treikam ka pynthikna ba ai jingmyntoi ia ki kompani ban pynduna ia ki jingpynmih carbon, bad kane ka long ka atiar kaba heh ia ka India ba kan kot ia ki jingkular jong ka ha kaba iadei bad ka mariang.
Kane ka rukom treikam ka iarap ruh ia ki kam kiba hap ban pyndep da kaba plié lad ia ki non-obligated entity ba kin iashim bynta ha ka iew carbon. Kine ki entity kiba lah ban kynthup ia ki projek bording na ki tyllong ba lah ban pynthymmai lane ki sienjam ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon, ki lah ban kyntiew kyrteng ia ki kam jong ki ban ioh ia ki carbon credit. Da kaba noh synniang sha ka jingpynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon, kine ki projek ki ioh ia ki carbon credit kiba ki lah ban die bad kane ka plié lad ia ka jingiashim bynta kaba kham iar ha ka iew carbon jong ka India.
Ki rukom treikam ba thymmai kiba kyrshan ia ka jingpyndep ia ki kam bad ka jingpynshisha
Ka Detailed Procedure for Compliance Mechanism ka batai kumno ka kam iew carbon ka iaid. Ka pyni ia ki kompani kumno ban buddien bad ai jingtip shaphang ka jingpynmih carbon jong ki bad kumno ki lah ban kamai ia ki carbon credit lada ki kot lane tam ia ki thong. Kum ban shu kdew, lada ka kompani dewbilat ka pynduna ia ka jingpynmih jong ka kham bun ia ka thong, ka lah ban ioh ia ki carbon credit. Kine ki credit ki dei kiba ka kompani ka lah ban die sha kawei pat ka kompani, lehse ka kompani shna nark aba shem jingeh ban kot sha ki thong. Ha kane ka rukom, ki kompani kiba donkam shuh shuh ka por ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon ki lah ban kot sha ki thong jong ki da kaba thied ia ki credit na kito ki kompani kiba lah ban trei kham bha.
Ia kane ka Detailed Procedure for Compliance Mechanism la saindur ban ai ka rukom treikam kaba shai kaba batai kumno ka kam kan iaid. Kane ka batai ia ki nongrim, ki rukom treikam bad ka por bad kito kiba iadon bynta ki hap ban bud ban pynurlong ia ki thong jong ki kiba iadei bad ka jingpynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon. Ka kynthup ruh ia ka jingbatai kumno ki entity kin peit, ai jingtip bad pynshisha ia ki jingpynmih GHG jong ki, kaba pynthikna ba ka rukom treikam ka long kaba shai bad kaba don jingbahkhlieh.
Ka rukom treikam kaba ar, kaba tip kum ka Accreditation Procedure, ka pynthikna ba ki kompani kiba peit ba ki kompani kiba peit ia ka jingpynduna ka jingpynmih carbon ki dei kiba shisha, kiba lah ban shaniah bad kiba lah ban treikam. Kin don ki kynhuh kiba tip kum ki Accredited Carbon Verification Agency (ACV) ki ban pynshisha la ki kompani ki iathuh hok shaphang ka jingpynmih carbon jong ki. Kum ban shu kdew, lada ka kompani ka kam ba ka la pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon da kaba pyndonkam ia ka technology kaba pyndonkam duna ia ka bording lane ka bording na ki tyllong ba lah ban pynthymmai, ka ACV kan peit ia ki jingshisha shuwa ban ai ia ki carbon credit. Ka long kumba don ki nongleh audit kiba pynthikna ba baroh ki jingkam ki long kiba shisha. Kane ka wanrah ia ka jingshai ha ka kam bad ngin lah ban shaniah ba ka jingpynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon ka dei kaba shisha bad ka bym dei kaba shu kam khlem da pyntreikam.
Ban sngewthuh kham bha kumno kane kan treikam, to ngin phai sha katto katne ki nuksa: Ka kompani ba heh kaba pynmih ia ki nar ha India ka donkam ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon jong ka da 10% shuwa ban kut u snem. Ban kot shakane ka thong, ka kompani ka pynthymmai ia ki kor jong ka khnang ban pyndonkam ia ka bording ha ka rukom kaba kham seisoh, bad kane ka wanrah ia ka jingpynduna ka jingpynmih carbon da 15%. Yn peit ia kine ki jingpynmih da ki Accredited Carbon Verification Agency. Ka 5% kaba tam ka ai carbon credit ia ka kompani kaba lah mynta ban die ia kine sha kawei pat ka kompani, kum ka kompani pynmih dewbilat kaba shem jingeh ban kot sha ki thong jong ka. Ha kane ka rukom baroh ar tylli ki kompani ki ioh jingmyntoi bad ka jingpynmih carbon jong ka India kan hiar.
Kaei ka ban wan na ka bynta ka Iew carbon jong ka India?
Ka jingpyntreikam ia ka Iew carbon jong ka India ka dei kaba dang sdang hynrei ki kam ki la sted ban iaid shakhmat. Ka Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), kaba long ka nongpyntreikam ia ka ICM, mynta ka dang pyndep ia ki thong ba ki kompani kiba iashim bynta ki hap ban kot. Kine ki thong kin long ka bynta kaba heh ha ka jingialam lynti ia ki kompani ba kin kot sha ki jingpynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon kaba iahap bad ki NDC jong ka India.
Ha kajuh ka por, ka BEE ka dang shna ia ka rynsan ICM, ka rynsan digital ka ban plié lad ia ka jingiaid ryntih ka jingdie jingthied carbon credit. Kane ka jingdon jingem IT kan long kaba kongsan ha ka jingpynthikna ba ka iew carbon ka iaid beit iaid ryntih bad ba ki jingdie jingthied ki long kiba shai bad kiba baroh ki lah ban sakhi. Shuh shuh, ka BEE ka dang iatrei lang bad ka Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) ban wanrah ia ki kyndon ha kaba iadei bad ka jingdie jingthied ia ki carbon credit ka ban pynskhem shuh shuh ia ka rukom treikam na ka bynta ka iew carbon jong ka India.
Ka Iew carbon jong ka India ka deon ha ka khep ban wanrah ia ka jingkylla kaba khraw ka ban ai jingmyntoi ia ka mariang bad ka ioh ka kot. Da kaba pynshlur ia ki kompani ba kin pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon bad ka jingai jingmyntoi ia kito kiba lah ban leh ia kane, ka iew ka pynsted ia ka jingkylla sha ki teknoloji ba kham khuid. Kane ka rukom treikam ka pynthikna ba ki kompani ki lah ban trei na ka bynta ki thong kiba iadei bad ka mariang ha ka rukom kaba jem dor. Katba dang iaid ka por, katba dang kham bun ki kompani ba iashim bynta, ka iew carbon kan iarap ban pynduna ia ka dor ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon da kaba plié lad ia ki kompani ba kin iadie iathied ia ki carbon credit. Kane ka jingiadei iathied ka plié lad ia ki kompani kiba shem jingeh ban pynduna ia ka jingpynmih carbon ba kin thied ia ki credit na kito kiba la ialam lynti ban pdiang ia ki teknoloji ba kham khuid.
U Antonio Guterres, UN Secretary-General, u la ban jur halor ka jingkongsan jong ki iew carbon haba u la ong, “Ngi donkam ban pyndap ia ki jaka ba suda ha ki kam pynmih carbon, bad ki iew carbon ki lah ban long ka bynta kaba khraw ha ka rukom treikam kiba wanrah ia ka jingbei tyngka na ka bynta ki teknoloji ba ki rukom treikam ba kham khuid.” Kane ka pyni shai kumno ka iew carbon ka pynkupbor ia ki kompani bad ki briew ba kin noh synniang sha ka jingkylla ha ki kam bad ki rukom treikam jong ki.
Da kaba wanrah ia ka iew ha kaba lah ban die ban thied ia ki carbon credit, ka bai pdiang ia ki teknoloji ba kham khuid ka kham duna. Ha ka jaka jong ka jingbah khiah man ki kompani ban kylla sha ki rukom treikam ba kham khuid, ki lah ban iaid kham suki ha ki jingkylla khlem da ktah ia ka bor jong ki. Ka iew carbon jong ka India ka wanrah ia ka lad jong ka jingkylla ha kaba ka lah ban kiew sha ka iew kaba $ 15 billion shuwa u 2030, ka ban wanrah ia ki jingbei tyngka ha ka bording ba lah ban pynthymmai, ki teknoloji ba kham khuid bad ki jingsaindur na ka bynta ka jingpynduna ka jingpynmih carbon. Kum ka ri kaba don ha ka kyrdan kaba lai ha ka jingpynmih CO2, ka iew carbon jong ka India kan don ka bynta kaba heh ha ka kam pynduna jingpynmih carbon jong ka pyrthei, ka ban iarap ia ka ri ba kan kot sha ka thong net-zero shuwa u 2070. Kane ka rukom treikam ka pynsted ia ka jingiaid lynti ka India sha ka jingpynurlong ia ki jingkular kiba iadei bad ka mariang bad kan iarap ruh ia ki kompani ban kin bah ia ka jinglut jingsep na ka bynta ka jingpynduh ia ka jingpynmih carbon. Ha kaba kut, ka iew carbon jong ka India ka long ka lad kaba iaineh bad kaba iahap bad ka ioh ka kot na ka bynta ka lawei kaba ai jingmyntoi ia ka mariang bad ka ioh ka kot.
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Ashok Kumar, DDG BEE
Saurabh Diddi, Director BEE
Atik Matin Sheikh, Climate Change Expert, BEE